Influenza cases in Indonesia have increased significantly over the past month. According to data from the Ministry of Health as of Oct. 9, 2025, the proportion of patients testing positive for influenza in week 40 increased by 55%.
A professor of clinical microbiology at Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Tri Wibawa, stated that the rising public mobility following the COVID-19 pandemic, combined with seasonal changes, has influenced the transmission patterns of diseases, thereby increasing the risk of influenza spread.
According to Professor Wibawa, the influenza virus must be treated with caution, as it evolves rapidly through mutation, recombination, and genetic reassortment among its variants.
This dynamic evolution can lead to the emergence of new variants, which may reduce the effectiveness of population immunity, whether derived from vaccination or previous natural infection.
“The reduction in immune effectiveness occurs through mechanisms known as antigenic drift and antigenic shift,” he explained on Monday (Oct. 27).
He emphasized the need for the government to remain vigilant by strengthening epidemiological surveillance, expanding influenza vaccination coverage among vulnerable populations, and promoting public education on clean and healthy living behaviors.
Human immune responses vary from person to person, depending on prior exposure to viral components.
However, Professor Wibawa noted that recent influenza viruses differ from earlier variants, meaning the immune system may not recognize them, which can lead to delayed immune responses and reduced protection.
“The protective effect of immunity is seen either in preventing infection or reducing the severity of symptoms,” he said.
To prevent further influenza transmission, Professor Wibawa recommended strengthening seasonal influenza vaccination programs that are updated annually based on global monitoring of circulating viral strains.
He also highlighted the importance of protecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly and individuals with comorbidities.
“Efforts must include public education through various media to counter misinformation, improving vaccine accessibility for at-risk groups, encouraging community participation through local leaders, strengthening influenza disease reporting systems, and promoting clean and healthy lifestyles,” he explained.
In addition to maintaining clean and healthy habits, Professor Wibawa advised the public to avoid close contact with individuals showing flu symptoms, wear masks when feeling unwell to prevent the spread of the virus, and practice proper coughing and sneezing etiquette.
“Maintain a strong immune system by consuming a balanced diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and protein. Get sufficient rest, manage stress, and exercise regularly to stay healthy,” the professor concluded.
Author: Alena Damaris
Editor: Gusti Grehenson
Post-editor: Rajendra Arya
Illustration: Freepik