A wave of demonstrations led by Generation Z (Gen Z) in Nepal has captured global attention. These protests are not only a reaction to restrictions on social media but also a channel to vent frustrations over long-standing socio-economic injustices.
Professor Faturochman from the Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada (Psychology UGM), explained that this phenomenon can be understood from the perspective of social psychology, particularly through the theory of relative deprivation.
He noted that the large-scale protests involving young people in Nepal cannot be separated from deep-rooted socio-economic disparities.
“This is what is called relative deprivation, when society compares its living conditions to those of officials who live in luxury, they feel that injustice exists,” said Professor Faturochman on Tuesday, Sep. 16, 2025.
At the same time, he added the concept of absolute deprivation, which refers to situations where people truly struggle and are unable to meet basic needs.
“When these two conditions co-occur, demonstrations become inevitable, especially when supported by vocal groups unafraid to speak out,” he explained.
He also responded to the Nepalese government’s policy of restricting social media use.
According to him, such measures are only temporarily effective.
On the contrary, blocking access fuels further frustration because public voices remain unheard.
“Instead of calming the situation, this policy risks amplifying anger,” he stressed.
With easy access to information, young people in major cities such as Kathmandu will continue to find ways to voice their criticisms, whether in digital spaces or on the streets.
On the role of Gen Z in driving the demonstrations, Professor Faturochman emphasized that generational characteristics also play a major part in the expansion of the movement.
Although often stereotyped as weak or easily discouraged, Gen Z has demonstrated courage in confronting injustice.
“Gen Z has been exposed to information and technology from an early age. They are aware that the conditions they face are unfair, which motivates them even more to take to the streets,” he explained.
He also noted that the search for recognition may drive some members of Gen Z to express themselves publicly.
Compared to millennials, Gen Z tends to respond more intensely to issues of injustice.
“Millennials are generally more structured, while Gen Z is more spontaneous in asserting their identity. When they feel belittled or oppressed, their responses tend to be direct,” Professor Faturochman added.
Nevertheless, he reminded us that it is important to channel the energy of resistance constructively.
Intergenerational dialogue, he suggested, is a way to prevent protests from escalating into destructive violence.
“Young people must have their aspirations heard. They do not always need to be accepted, but at the very least, they should be respected and listened to. This way, mutual trust between generations can grow,” he said.
Reflecting on the demonstrations in Nepal, Professor Faturochman emphasized that a crisis of trust in government can arise at any time if socio-economic disparities are left unaddressed.
With their energy and courage, young people can serve as both agents of change and a reminder that the core purpose of political power is to bring about public welfare.
Author: Ika Agustine
Editor: Gusti Grehenson
Post-editor: Lintang Andwyna
Illustration: Freepik